Biomarkers specific to traumatic brain injury (TBI) are measurable substances in the body that indicate the presence or severity of brain damage. Common biomarkers for TBI include proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and tau protein. These molecules are released into the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid following neuronal or glial injury. Detecting these biomarkers can aid in diagnosing TBI, monitoring its progression, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments. Advances in biomarker research are improving early detection and personalized care for TBI patients.